<p>Raft Mountain is a mountain in east-central British Columbia, Canada, located north-east of Clearwater and just outside the south boundary of Wells Gray Provincial Park. The Clearwater River flows to the west, Raft River to the east, Spahats Creek to the north, and North Thompson River to the south. Raft Mountain is part of the Shuswap Highland. There are five summits in the group and the highest is 2,450 m. Trophy Mountain is the closest summit to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The Raft River Forest Service Road and other industrial roads provide access to the south side of the mountain. Check in advance for logging activity. Some sections of this road require four-wheel drive and high clearance. It is nearly 22 km to the end of the road at 1,865 m. A hike of about 2.5 hours goes up the meadows to the west ridge, then to the summit. An all-day hike crosses the five summits.</p><br>
<p>The north face of Raft Mountain can be reached via Spahats Creek Road which turns east off Clearwater Valley Road (also called Wells Gray Park Road). Good clearance but not four-wheel drive is needed. A rough trail leads from the pass into Caligata Lake Provincial Park below the north face. A hiking and scrambling route goes from the lake into the Cirque of Tarns and up to Raft&#39;s east ridge and third summit.</p><br>
<p>Road and hiking directions for both routes are essential and can be found in Exploring Wells Gray Park (6th edition).</p><br>
<p>Groomed cross-country ski trails are located on the lower slopes of Raft Mountain and are maintained by the Wells Gray Outdoors Club.</p><br>
<p>A network of snowmobile trails on Raft Mountain is maintained by the Clearwater Sno-Drifters Club. The group also operates two warming huts near treeline.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>The Overlanders expedition to the Cariboo goldfields rafted down the North Thompson River in 1862. When they arrived at the mouth of the Clearwater River, they noticed this prominent peak and named it for their rafts. They also named the Clearwater River for its distinct clarity compared to the muddy North Thompson and the nearby Raft River.</p><br>
<p>The Temple is an office building at 22A and 24 Dale Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Temple was constructed in 1864–65. It was built for the banker Sir William Brown and designed by Sir James Picton. Leading from the rear of the building were two brick ranges with large windows. The west range has been converted into flats; the east range has been demolished, and was replaced in 2001 by a new building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is in stone, with a grey granite basement and a lead roof. It has three storeys plus a basement and an attic. The entrance front on Dale Street has seven bays and a curved bay leading round into Princess Street on the left corner. The surround to the round-arched entrance is rusticated.</p><br>
<p>Over the entrance is a carving of four hands, clasped together, and the words "Harmony Becomes Brothers". Also in the ground floor is a Tuscan colonnade, a panelled frieze and a cornice. The first floor is rusticated, and above the entrance is a segmental-headed window surmounted by arms. Above this on the second floor is a round-headed window with flat Ionic pilasters. Rising over this is a two-stage tower with a lead cupola and finials. The building has a Mansard roof. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>Academy Hall is an academic building on the campus of Edinboro University of Pennsylvania in Edinboro, Pennsylvania. Originally known as Austin Hall for its architect, the hall has since been called a variety of names that reflected its use at the time, including Literary Hall, Commercial Hall and Music Hall. Built in 1857, Academy Hall is the oldest building at the university and the oldest normal school building in Pennsylvania. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Academy Hall is a two-story, Italianate-style structure located at the intersection of High and Normal Streets at Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, southeast of downtown Edinboro. The hall is 40 x with 10 x wings containing stairwells on the north and south sides. A cupola with a low, pyramidal roof and arched windows is perched atop the building. Beneath the brackets and dentil on the cupola is a "Greek key fretwork".</p><br>
<p>The exterior of Academy Hall has remained unaltered since its construction, other than a new basement and foundation when it was moved in 1880, and the removal of chimneys in 1885. During renovations in 2006 and 2007, parts of the first floor ceiling were removed and a mezzanine installed. The cupola also functions as a skylight.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1855, the citizens of Edinboro elected to establish an academy in the community as the nearest secondary school was in Waterford, 10 mi away. The community applied for a charter in 1856 and succeeded in raising $3,000 for the purchasing of 1 acre and the construction of an academy building. The contract for the building was awarded to Nathaniel C. Austin, a local architect and carpenter. Austin Hall was completed in 1857 and was dedicated on December 14, 1857, the day before classes began.</p><br>
<p>During the construction, the Pennsylvania General Assembly passed the Normal School Act of 1857. The trustees of Edinboro Academy immediately decided to pursue certification as a normal school under the act. An additional 9 acre were purchased and three more buildings erected: an assembly hall and two dormitories. The academy official became the Northwestern State Normal School on January 23, 1861. It was the second such school in Pennsylvania, the first being at Millersville.</p><br>
<p>Academy Hall was moved approximately 200 yard northeast to its present location in 1880. It was renamed Literary Hall the same year when its second floor became used primarily by the schools literary societies. From 1912 to 1917, the hall was used by business courses and classes for "secretarial skills" and became called Commercial Hall. In 1917, the building was used by music students and became Music Hall. The State Normal School became a State Teachers College in 1927 and a State College in 1960. The colleges Alumni Office took over Music Hall in 1965 and renamed it back to Academy Hall. In 1983, Pennsylvania created the State System of Higher Education with Edinboro State College becoming the Edinboro University of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Academy Hall was left vacant in 1996. It underwent a $2.4 million restoration that was completed when it was rededicated on January 18, 2007 as part of the 150th anniversary celebration of the founding of Edinboro University. The hall now houses the university&#39;s admissions office.</p><br>
<p>Refshaleøen, originally an island in its own right but now annexed to the larger island of Amager, is a former industrial site in the harbor of Copenhagen, Denmark. For more than a hundred years, it was home to the shipyard Burmeister & Wain which closed in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1624, a block house was built on the original island, then much smaller, to guard the entrance to Copenhagen harbor together with St. Anns Fortress (now Kastellet) on the coast just north of city. Reclamation increased the size of the island considerably in the 1870s when the ports waterways were made deeper. Burmeister & Wain established a shipyard on the island in 1871. At its height, the shipyard employed 8,000 people, and so appears as an icon of Danish industrial history.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Since the shipyard&#39;s bankruptcy in 1996, the area has undergone significant changes. The abandoned buildings are now home to a mixture of creative entrepreneurs, small craft, flea markets, storage facilities and cultural and recreational uses.</p><br>
<p>The residents include the theater Asterions Hus, the restaurant AMASS, opened by Mathew Orlando, former head chef at Noma, the art gallery YARD and the creative community Skabelonloftet.</p><br>
<p>Since April 2011 there are again boats at the old shipyard, as Copenhagen Yacht Services opened the first Danish yacht garage on the island - an indoor Marina for motorboats on the American model.</p><br>
<p>The volunteer spaceflight organization Copenhagen Suborbitals also operates on the former island.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>Refshaleøen is today owned by the property company Ejendomsselskabet Refshaleøen A/S, owned by the four pension funds Sampension, PKA, PFA and Lønmodtagernes Dyrtidsfond. The site&#39;s surface area is approx. 500,000 m. In 2013, it entered into a collaboration with the energy company SE Big Blue and the Energy Academy on the island of Samsø, planning a climate-friendly neighbourhood.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>Refshaleøen is frequently used as a venue for events and festivals. In 2013, the area played host to the heavy metal festival Copenhell, the electronic music festival EDM 2013, Scandinavian Reggae Festival, MAD Symposium, Refshaleøen Music Festival and Asteroiden theatre festival.</p><br>
<p>On 2 September 2013, Danmarks Radio (DR) announced that the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 would take place at B&W Hallerne. The surrounding area was transformed into Eurovision Island, an Olympic Park-style complex which housed amenities and the press centre for the entirety of the contest. Barbadian singer-songwriter Rihanna performed on the island in 2016 during her Anti World Tour.</p><br>
<p>Garfinckel&#39;s Department Store is an eight-story department store building in downtown Washington, D.C. It was erected at the northwest corner of 14th and F Streets, across from the Willard Hotel, which is one block from the Treasury Department and less than two blocks from the White House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Garfinckel&#39;s first retail location opened in 1918, and was located at 13th and F Streets, Northwest, Washington, D.C.,</p><br>
<p>They expanded to the new location, in 1929.</p><br>
<p>The $2,000,000 structure was designed by architects Starrett & van Vleck of New York. By 1936, there were more than 500 employees.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, the historic Garfinckel&#39;s flagship store, located at 1401 F Street, NW, Washington, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. From 1997 to 1999, the property was redeveloped into a modern office building and shopping center that is referred to as Hamilton Square.</p><br>
<p>Garfinckel&#39;s flagship store reputation was not without controversy. It was both widely known and acknowledged that blacks were not welcome at the flagship store and in fact, were not permitted to try on clothing. This may in fact have hurt the store during the latter part of the 20th century; newly-prosperous blacks may have been inclined to ignore the store.</p><br>
<p>After Garfinckel&#39;s bankruptcy in 1990, the store remained vacant.</p><br>
<p>It was redeveloped in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The 2009 property value of Hamilton Square was $136,201,000.</p><br>
<p>Borders bookstore was a street level tenant.</p><br>
<p>The owner is considering tenants.</p><br>
<p>Rhodes Tavern is the site of an historic tavern in the early history of Washington, D.C. It was located at 15th Street and F Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1799 by Bennett Fenwick on land he had purchased in 1797. It was sold or rented to William Rhodes in 1801 and he operated it as a tavern and inn until 1805. During that time it was a polling place in the first city council election on June 7, 1802. In 1805, Rhodes sold it to Joseph Semmes, Rhodes future brother-in-law who had run the successful City Tavern in Georgetown. Semmes renamed it the Indian King and ran it until 1809, when he sold it to Virginia Congressman John George Jackson. From 1810 to June 1814, Jackson lived here and Mrs. Barbara Suter ran it as a boarding house for him. Several members of Congress stayed here during that time including John Sevier the first governor of Tennessee. Jackson sold it, and it became the Bank of Metropolis, and later Riggs Bank. Contrary to popular belief, British soldiers did not dine or stay here as they burned the city in August 1814. That occurred at Mrs. Suter&#39;s new place on Pennsylvania and 15th.</p><br>
<p>An image of the how the building looked in 1817 by Anne Marguerite Henriette Hyde de Neuville in 1817.</p><br>
<p>It was the first home of Riggs Bank, from 1837 to 1845. It was here, in 1881, that Charles Guiteau would buy the gun with which he would later shoot and kill President James Garfield.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of the National Press Club, from 1909 to 1914, and was visited by Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.</p><br>
<h2>Demolition controversy</h2><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1969.</p><br>
<p>In March 1978, the United States Commission of Fine Arts recommended demolition, while finding the Keith-Albee Theater and National Metropolitan Bank facades historic.</p><br>
<p>J. Carter Brown referred to Rhodes Tavern as: "the missing tooth in the smile of 15th Street."</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the D.C. Superior Court halted demolition of the Keith Albee building, but then allowed demolition of the interior. The developer said he would preserve the historic facade of the Keith-Albee theater building, if he could demolish Rhodes Tavern. In 1981, the Supreme Court declined to review the District of Columbia Court of Appeals allowing demolition.</p><br>
<p>The White House curator, Clement Conger, advocated restoration of the tavern, like Fraunces Tavern, and Gadsby&#39;s Tavern Museum. In 1982, a House Subcommittee held hearings about the demolition.</p><br>
<p>A ballot initiative to preserve the building was approved by Washington citizens in 1983.</p><br>
<p>City attorneys argued that the ballot initiative did not bar demolition. Mayor Marion Barry named seven people to a review board in accordance with the initiative.</p><br>
<p>In June 1984, the D.C. Superior Court granted a preliminary injunction against a demolition permit. In August, the D.C. Superior Court found the initiative to halt demolition unconstitutional. The D.C. Court of Appeals blocked demolition, but required a $100,000 bond. Warren Burger, of the Supreme Court declined to stay the order by the District of Columbia Superior Court to allow demolition. After the D.C. Court of Appeals lifted the injunction, demolition began at 1:57, September 10, 1984. Wrecking Corporation of America demolished through the night to avoid further Court review. People collected nails and bricks from the demolition.</p><br>
<p>The lot is now the site of Metropolitan Square office building, phase II, completed in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The United States Commission of Fine Arts recommended placing a marker on the site. A marker was placed by the Rhodes Tavern – D.C. Heritage Society, on June 7, 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>The preservation battle was an impetus for the use of preservation law, by the Historic Preservation Office, for redevelopment in the District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>The papers of the Committee to Save Historic Rhodes Tavern are held at George Washington University.</p><br>
<p>A musical group the Rhodes Tavern Troubadours won a 2001 Wammie.</p><br>
<p>The Younge Site is an archeological site located within the vicinity of Goodland Township in Lapeer County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site on October 29, 1971 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1976.</p><br>
<p>With a restricted address, the Younge Site is a pre-Columbian era site located in the east-central part of Lapeer County. There were no European objects discovered on the site, but there are two wooden structures and a burial site presumed to belong to Native Americans around the same time the Europeans arrived in the area in the seventeenth-century. Archaeologists discovered unusual burying practices in the exhumed remains, including the drilling of the skulls prior to being buried. The leg bones were also modified to support the body when suspended from a pole in an ossuary, which was observed—although not firsthand—in the accounts of the earliest European settlers.</p><br>
<p>Thrumshing La, also called Thrumshingla Pass and Donga Pass, , is the second-highest mountain pass in Bhutan, connecting its central and eastern regions across the otherwise impregnable Donga range that has separated populations for centuries. It is located on a bend of the Lateral Road at the border of Bumthang District  and Mongar District , along the border with Lhuntse District to the east. The Lateral Road bisects Thrumshingla National Park, named after the pass. The World Wildlife Fund also maintains operations in the park.</p><br>
<h2>Closures and hazards</h2><br>
<p>The pass is often closed during winter due to heavy snowfall, shutting off land communication along the Lateral Road. During road closures, commercial and public vehicles are prohibited from attempting Thrumshing La, however private vehicles may proceed at their own risk. Blockages at this high altitude must be cleared by both heavy equipment and manual labor. At times, clearing crews have considerable difficulty even reaching the pass.</p><br>
<p>Along the pass, there are many sheer drops of thousands of feet at the roadside. In a matter of hours, eastbound travelers descend the pass southward along the Lateral Road from elevations of nearly 3,800 m to just 650 m, transitioning from alpine forests into semi-tropical orange producing valleys.</p><br>
<p>Because of the many nearby hazards and frequently dangerous conditions at Thrumshing La itself, the Government of Bhutan has approved and begun constructing a bypass to the Lateral Road as part of its Tenth Five Year Plan. The bypass will cut travel time, distance, and danger by avoiding Thrumshing La. The new route is expected to shorten travel time between Shingkhar village (Ura Gewog, Bumthang) and Gorgan (Menbi Gewog, Lhuntse) by 100 km and 3 hours. The new road construction met with fierce opposition by environmentalists; the government has chosen to proceed with construction nonetheless.</p><br>
<p>Ferguson River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The river has a total length of 36 km and rises in the Darling Range below Wellington Mill then flows in a north-westerly direction until discharging into the Preston River at Picton near Bunbury. The only tributary of the river is Hough Brook.</p><br>
<p>The river was named after Dr. John Ferguson by the surveyor H.M. Ommanney. Ferguson owned a property along the river that Ommanney was surveying at the time.</p><br>
<p>The Ferguson Valley is becoming a tourist area in the Shire of Dardanup with several wineries, restaurants, boutique breweries and art galleries to be found amongst the picturesque rolling hills. The area is also still utilised for grazing of dairy cattle.</p><br>
<p>The Agnes Vaille Shelter is a beehive-shaped stone shelter along E. Longs Peak Trail near the summit of Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. The first shelter was built in 1927 by the National Park Service after a number of climbers died ascending Longs Peak. The shelter was named for Agnes Vaille, who died while descending from the first winter ascent of the east face of Longs Peak on January 12, 1925. Herbert Sortland also died of exposure during an attempt to rescue Vialle. Vaille&#39;s family rebuilt the shelter in 1935.</p><br>
<h2>Agnes Vaille</h2><br>
<p>Agnes Wolcott Vaille was born in 1890 and graduated from Smith College. She came from a prominent Denver family; her father was president of the first telephone company in Denver. During World War I, Vialle volunteered to work overseas for the Red Cross. After the war, Vaille was appointed secretary of the Denver Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>Vialle was a member of the Colorado Mountain Club, served as Outing Chairman and was an early member of the 14,000 Footers Club. In 1923, she made a solo winter ascent, the first known, of James Peak. Mountaineer Carl Blaurock called Vialle "a strong, husky woman, just crazy about climbing".</p><br>
<h2>Vaille's death on Longs Peak</h2><br>
<p>Vaille met Walter Kiener in the Colorado Mountain Club; they decided to be the first climbers to make a winter ascent of the east face of Longs Peak. Their first three attempts were unsuccessful. The fourth attempt began on the morning of January 11, 1925.</p><br>
<p>Vialle was buried in Fairmount Cemetery, Denver, Colorado.</p><br>
<p>The first stone shelter was built in 1927 under the direction of Roger Toll, Superintendent of Rocky Mountain National Park and Vialles cousin. Recent scholarship asserts that the present shelter was built by Vailles family in 1935 to replace the 1927 Park Service shelter. The shelter was designed in the spirit of the National Park Service rustic style to blend with the local landscape, located above 13,400 ft elevation on the edge of an area known as the Boulder Field. The stone for the shelter came from this area. It consists of a single circular room with a conical ceiling formed by the walls and roof of the shelter, entered by a single door opening whose door has been removed. As a result, the interior may be partially filled with snow for much of summer. There are two glazed windows and one filled-in opening, and the floor is paved with stone.</p><br>
<p>A plaque mounted near the shelter reads,</p><br>
<p>The Agnes Vaille Shelter was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 24, 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Walter Kiener</h2><br>
<p>Kiener was born in Bern, Switzerland, the son of a sausage maker. He left school at 15 to help support his family. In his free time, Kiener became an expert mountaineer in the Alps. After serving his mandatory military service, he immigrated to the United States. Kiener arrived in Denver 1n 1923, took a job as a butcher, and joined the Colorado Mountain Club where he met Vialle.</p><br>
<p>Kiener suffered frostbite as a result of the Longs Peak expedition and lost several fingers, most of his toes, and part of a foot.</p><br>
<p>Kiener taught at University of Nebraska and served as chief biologist for the State of Nebraska Game, Forestation, and Parks Commission. He also founded the Nebraska Game Commissions Fisheries Research Department. He died of pancreatic cancer on August 24, 1959. Keiners extensive collection of plant specimens, catalogs, field notes, reference books is housed at the University of Nebraska State Museum.</p><br>
<p>Lowes Loch, The Lochs  or Loch of Hill is now a small natural freshwater loch in the North Ayrshire Council Areas , lying in a glacial kettle hole, once of greater extent, lying below Brownmuir and Lochland Hills on the Threepwood Road, near Beith, in the Parish of Beith. The loch may once have had a small island within it.</p><br>
<h2>Lochs site</h2><br>
<p>Marked on Ordnance Survey maps as The Lochs, it was locally known as the Lowes Loch and lies on the old Lowes Lands. Four lochs may have once been present, a small one in front of Lows Cottage, a second along to the west of the surviving loch, and a smaller fourth one, now partly drained by a deep ditch, sitting next to the older of the two Lochlands Farms ruins.</p><br>
<p>The name Lowe is said to have derived been from the Celtic for Hill and Lochlands Hill was once known as Lowes Hill. Before the Cadgerford Burn was deepend the lochs level would have been higher and may have once drained to the west and east.</p><br>
<p>Lows Cottage</p><br>
<p>This building was originally a retting or rhetting cottage, later becoming a small farm with a byre attached.</p><br>
<p>Cartographic evidence</p><br>
<p>Blaeus map of 1684, pbased on Timothy Ponts map of circa 1604, names a Loch of Hill and Roys map of circa 1747 shows two small lochs, with the outflow of the western loch running down to the Muir Burn and then into the Roebank Burn. Thomsons map of 1832 shows a single loch lying below Lows Farm and draining east into the Dusk water. OS maps of the 1850s do not indicate open water and a discreet clump of trees suggests a small island.</p><br>
<p>The abandoned Rakerfield Farm lies above the site on the lower slopes of Brownmuir or Brimmer Hill. This farm was occupied by the elderly couple, Mrs & Mrs Blair, at the time of the construction of Kirklee Green reservoir and was purchased upon their death by Ayrshire County Council and the roof removed.</p><br>
<p>Cadgerford Burn</p><br>
<p>The name of the inflow and outflow burn indicates, as stated, a ford on this old road once used by cadgers or carriers on horseback of goods, including items such as Dunlop cheeses. The burn is the existing inflow and outflow from Lowes Loch to the Dusk Water; it has been canalised and greatly deepend to lower the level of Lowes Loch. The burn now flows into the Kirkleegreen Reservoir, built after 1858 and by 1891. The waters of this old reservoir, now an angling loch, run into Cuffhill Reservoir and then into the Dusk Water via Threepwood Spout. The ford may have been where a culvert now carries the outflow of the small loch in front of Lows Cottage down towards Lowes Loch.</p><br>
<p>Beiths annual fair, called Tennants or Saint Tinnans Day, was previously held on the Cuff Hill. It was famous for its show, and its Cadgers parade and sale of horses.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The lochan in front of Low Cottage was a retting pond and the cottage was built as a retting cottage for the preparation of flax. The loch no longer has any open water. Retting is the process of taking off the outer part of flax by laying flax in water.</p><br>
<p>Thomsons map of 1832 and the OS maps show that the loch flowed via the Cadgerford Burn into the millpond of the old Threepwood Bleach and Dye works below Cuff Hill and thus helped to power the factorys waterwheel. Since at least 1891 the waters of the loch have flowed into the Kirkleegreen and Cuffhill Reservoirs.</p><br>
<h3>Davies othe Mill</h3><br>
<p>Davies othe Mill is a probably an old flax mill associated with the retting cottage and possibly the bleach and dye works at Threepwood. The Davies othe Mill ruins lie nearby, once powered by a burn that runs down from the Saint Inans well site and at one time the westward flow from the Lowes Lochs prior to the canalising of the Cadgerford Burn. A right of way still runs down to the site from near Cauldhame Cottage and a lane runs up to the old mill from near Mill oBeith and the Warlock Craigie. Lying quite close to Loanhead Quarry the steading is now a ruin (2011).</p><br>
<p>Dugald Semple, vegetarian and the Scottish Apostle of the simple life lived at Davies othe Mill from the 1930s until around 1950, when it was a smallholding. Dugald was a hippy before hippies officially existed. He travelled widely to healthy living conferences in Norway, USA and elsewhere and died in Edinburgh aged 79. A regular visitor to Ailsa Craig, he was known locally as the Bird Man and was an enthusiast for outdoor living, publishing a book entitled A Free Man&#39;s Philosophy. He welcomed walkers and cyclists who often camped on his land.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The relatively small area of open water is dominated by floating pondweeds (Potamogeton sps), and has some water lilies Nuphar lutea. The Common Hawker or Sedge Darner (Aeshna juncea) breeds at the site. An extensive woodland of willow and birch extends towards Lowhouse Farmlands. Extensive areas of rushes (Juncus sps) are present.</p><br>
<h2>Lochlands Farms</h2><br>
<p>A small building, marked as a ruin in 1856 and now entirely absent, with its own entrance and sheep fauld, sat within woodland in line with the small loch and later substantial drainage ditch feature that runs down to the main loch. The larger Lochlands Farm (NS378555) buildings lay closer to the road a little further back from the Lowes Loch. It has been abandoned since before the 1950s, shown as active in 1914 from the record of the OS map. A photograph of the early 1900s shows a substantial and unusual design for a farm building; L shaped and Council House like in appearance. The OS map shows that this later building had an orchard or ornamental garden and was more of a dwelling than a farm, being occupied by a family who owned the Cunningham bus company in Paisley which became part of Western SMT. It was demolished as part of precautions intended to prevent any possible contamination of the reservoir water.</p><br>
<p>In 1956 it is recorded that a Mr.Newall found a stone slab built into the ruin of Lochlands, presumably the more modern building, bearing a carved circle, 15ins in diameter, containing a simple cross with one arm extended to represent the shaft. This ancient stone cross may relate to the nearby site of Kirklee Green with its obvious religious links. It has not been seen since 1956. A small ruin was located to the west of Lochlands on the edge of a now drained lochan which is a candidate for the chapel site and the site of the aforementioned cross.</p><br>
<p>A small church may have been built here, possibly at the site of the original small Lochlands building, which stood on the bank of a small loch, to counteract the many pagan sites located at Cuff Hill, such as the lost Druids Stone Circle, the Druids Graves or Caves (a long barrow), the now destroyed Four Stones, a standing stone, etc. The name Cuff itself has been interpreted as meaning Druid or Priest. Saint Inans Well and Chair are close by and one of the hills in the area, marked as Krelig Hill, was once topped by a cross.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>It has been speculated that that the Cuff Hill range was the Moor of Beith, and that</p><br>
<p>this moor is the same as the "Wood of Belt" in which, at the close of the day, a battle, supposed to have taken place in</p><br>
<p>the latter half of the sixth century.</p><br>
<p>Curling stones were produced at a site near Kirklee Green Reservoir for a number of years in the 19th century and it is said that a considerable number were used in the construction of the reservoir&#39;s dam.</p><br>
<p>An old cheese press stone is located outside Low Cottage.</p><br>
<p>Cuff Hill Lochan</p><br>
<p>This small lochan (0.214 acres) is located on the south-facing slopes of Cuff Hill and may be artificial, as suggested by the number of old whinstone quarries in the vicinity. It is marked on the 1858 OS map and was deepened and modified for use as a reservoir, with a sluice and filter bed, probably once serving The Cuff Farm below it. The site is rich in wildlife, including Common Hawker dragonflies. The rare climbing corydalis Ceratocapnos claviculata grows amongst gorse nearby.</p><br>
<p>Cuckoo is a Federal style house in the small community of Cuckoo, Virginia near Mineral, Virginia, built in 1819 for Henry Pendleton. Cuckoo was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The initial construction featured a two-story front section with a one-story extension to the rear, housing the dining room and the winter kitchen. Between 1839 and 1907 the house was owned by Dr. Philip Barbour Pendleton, who added a second floor to the rear wing and extended the main roof to cover the new row of rooms across the back of the house. A later generation of Pendletons remodeled the house in the Colonial Revival style after 1910, adding the present Neoclassical portico. The next owners, Anne Pendleton Forrest and Dr. William Mentzel Forrest, added to the rear wing with a design by architect Stanislaw J. Makielski of Charlottesville. The complex includes a number of outbuildings, including two separate doctor&#39;s office buildings, a garage, barn, smokehouse, and the Pendleton family cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cuckoo is a brick two-story three-bay center-hall structure, with single rooms flanking the stair hall. The house is fronted by a porch across its entire width. A second set of rooms, part of the original one-story section, lie to the rear of the front rooms, with further 20th-century additions across the back. A semicircular closet with a small window projects at the ground floor between the fireplaces of the rooms to the right of the center hall. The fireplaces and chimneys project prominently from both side elevations. The Makielski addition to the rear features a bowed porch that echoes the curve of the closet. The interior of the addition includes a back stairway.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>The small doctors office is believed to have been built in the early-to-mid 19th century for Dr. Robert Barret a short distance to the north of Cuckoo, and was moved to Cuckoo by Dr. Philip Barbour Pendleton prior to the Civil War for use as Pendletons medical office. The large doctors office was built circa 1888 for Dr. Eugene Pendleton on the grounds of his house, named Linwood, in the village of Cuckoo. It was expanded to accommodate his sons practice about 1908, and was moved to Cuckoo in 1910 when Eugene moved there. The office was moved again in 1972 when the highway was widened, and was used as a medical office by Dr. Eugene Barbour Pendleton until 1979. A smokehouse was built in the late 19th century, and a barn in the early 20th century. An octagonal wood wellhouse, built in the late 19th or early 20th century, stands close to the main house. A garage was built in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h3>Cemetery</h3><br>
<p>The Pendleton cemetery is located in an oak grove at the top of a small rise about 1/4 mile from the house. Surrounded by a low stone wall, the cemetery contains three gravestones and several unmarked graves.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>Cuckoo was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1994. The damage was repaired.</p><br>
<p>Marston Moat is the site of a fortified manor house in the parish of Trudoxhill, Somerset, England. It has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. It is now on the Heritage at Risk register due to animal burrowing.</p><br>
<p>The 23 ft wide moat which measures 108 ft by 188 ft has a 10 ft wide and 1 ft high bank on its south and east sides. It is situated east of the River Frome.</p><br>
<p>The site was held by the Bigot family of Marston Bigot before 1195. There is some evidence that they fortified it without a licence to crenellate from Edward II. As a result of this and an insult to the King&#39;s messenger Richard Bigot lost his titles to land, which were assigned to William de Meriet and John de Meriet.</p><br>
<p>It was leased as a farmhouse by the reign of Edward IV however none of the stone remains, and no full excavation has ever been carried out.</p><br>
<p>Belmont House is a Georgian country house on the island of Unst, the most northerly of the Shetland Islands, Scotland. It was constructed in 1775 by Shetland landowner Thomas Mouat of Garth, and has been described as "possibly the most ambitious, least-altered classical mansion in the Northern Isles." The house was restored from a derelict state between 1996 and 2010. It is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built for Thomas Mouat, whose father William was laird of the Garth estate on Shetland. Thomas visited Lothian, around Edinburgh, to gather ideas on contemporary architecture, and may have been influenced by Hopetoun House.</p><br>
<p>In the early 19th century the east wing was added to the house, but otherwise it has remained unaltered. The Mouat family continued to occupy the house until the mid 20th century. It was then sold, and became derelict. In 1996 the Belmont Trust was established to oversee the restoration of the house. Over the following 15 years works were carried out, largely by local craftsmen, to bring the building back into use. It is now operated by the trust as self-catering accommodation and as a venue for hire. The original interiors are described by Historic Scotland as "a particularly remarkable survival."</p><br>
<p>Lulu City was a transient mining town in eastern Grand County, Colorado, in the Kawuneeche Valley in what is now Rocky Mountain National Park. The town appeared after silver was discovered in the area in 1879 by prospector Joe Shipler, and was built primarily by the Middle Park and Grand River Land Improvement Company in 1880. The company was backed by Benjamin F. Burnett of Fort Collins and Fort Collins rancher William Baker. The town was named after Burnett&#39;s daughter. By 1881 there were forty cabins and a number of business establishments. By this time it was apparent that the silver ore was of low grade, and that high transportation costs made mining in the area marginal, and the town began its decline. It was abandoned by 1885, except by Shipler, who lived there for thirty years.</p><br>
<p>The settlement of Dutchtown was established in the Never Summer Mountains to the west of town by outcasts from Lulu City.</p><br>
<p>The land was purchased from the estate of Hugh J. Harrison by the National Park Service in 1949. Three cabin ruins remain, along with remnants of other structures. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 14, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Wild Basin Ranger Station is located in the southeastern portion of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Built in 1932, the ranger station is an example of National Park Service rustic architecture, built to plans by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Design. The log structure is roofed with wood shingles and rests on a concrete foundation. The interior consists of three rooms, used for administrative and residential purposes.</p><br>
<p>The station features a steeply-pitched gable roof, overhanging to form a porch at the front. The porch section of the roof is supported by corbeled logs at each end. The ranger station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in January 29, 1988. The Wild Basin House, also listed on the NRHP, is located nearby.</p><br>
<p>John J. Earley Office and Studio is a historic home at 2131 G Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was the home and studio of John Joseph Earley, an architect and sculptor, from 1907 to 1936.</p><br>
<p>It was at this studio, where he experimented with plaster and stucco, and then developed the exposed aggregrate concrete, that he called "architectural concrete". This construction technique, also known as Polychrome, or Earley concrete, may be seen in many buildings, Polychrome Historic District, the Fountain of Time, Parthenon (Nashville), and in Meridian Hill Park.</p><br>
<p>He renovated the interior in 1911.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, he covered the façade with his architectural concrete.</p><br>
<p>He moved out after losing permission to build a crushing plant at this location.</p><br>
<p>On his deathbed, he sold the Earley Studio to Basil Taylor for a dollar. The Taylor family continued to use the studio until 1973.</p><br>
<p>The George Washington University acquired the property, and uses it as offices and as a dance studio.</p><br>
<p>It is a part of the Historic Preservation Plan, by George Washington University, adopted by the D.C. Historic Preservation Review Board.</p><br>
<p>The LEnfant Plan for the city of Washington is the urban plan developed in 1791 by Major Pierre  Charles LEnfant for George Washington, the first President of the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Major LEnfant was a French engineer who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. In 1789, when discussions were underway regarding a new federal capital city for the United States, LEnfant wrote to President Washington asking to be commissioned to plan the city. However, any decision on the capital was put on hold until July 1790 when Congress passed the Residence Act. The legislation, which was the result of a compromise brokered by Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, specified the new capital be situated on the Potomac River, at some location between the Eastern Branch (the Anacostia River) and the Connogochegue, near Hagerstown, Maryland. The Residence Act gave authority to President Washington to appoint three commissioners to oversee the survey of the federal district and "according to such Plans, as the President shall approve," provide public buildings to accommodate the Federal government in 1800.</p><br>
<p>President Washington appointed L&#39;Enfant in 1791 to plan the new "Federal City" (later named the "City of Washington") under the supervision of three Commissioners, whom Washington had appointed to oversee the planning and development of the federal territory that would later become designated the "District of Columbia". Included in the new district were the river port towns of Georgetown (formerly in Montgomery County of the State of Maryland) and Alexandria (in Fairfax County, in the Commonwealth of Virginia).</p><br>
<p>LEnfant arrived in Georgetown on March 9, 1791, and began his work, from Suters Fountain Inn. Washington arrived later on March 28, to meet with LEnfant and the Commissioners for several days. On June 22, LEnfant presented his first plan for the federal city to the President. On August 19, he appended a new map to a letter that he sent to the President. President Washington retained a copy of one of LEnfants plans, showed it to the Congress, and later gave it to the three Commissioners.</p><br>
<p>L&#39;Enfant secured the lease of quarries at Wigginton Island and further southeast along</p><br>
<p>Aquia Creek off the lower Potomac River southern bank in Virginia to supply well-regarded "Aquia Creek sandstone" for the foundation and later for the wall slabs and blocks of the "Congress House" in November 1791. However, his temperament and his insistence that his city design be realized as a whole, brought him into conflict with the Commissioners, who wanted to direct the limited funds available into construction of the Federal buildings. In this, they had the support of Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>During a contentious period in February 1792, Andrew Ellicott, who had been conducting the original boundary survey of the future District of Columbia (see: Boundary Stones (District of Columbia)) and the survey of the "Federal City" under the direction of the Commissioners, informed the Commissioners that LEnfant had not been able to have the city plan engraved and had refused to provide him with the original plan (of which LEnfant had prepared several versions). Ellicott, with the aid of his brother, Benjamin Ellicott, then revised the plan, despite LEnfants protests. Ellicotts revisions, which included the straightening of the longer avenues and the removal of LEnfants Square No. 15, created changes to the citys layout (See: Randolph Square).</p><br>
<p>Andrew Ellicott stated in his letters that, although he was refused the original plan, he was familiar with LEnfants system and had many notes of the surveys that he had made himself. It is therefore possible that Ellicott recreated the plan.</p><br>
<p>Shortly thereafter, Washington dismissed LEnfant. After LEnfant departed, Andrew Ellicott continued the city survey in accordance with the revised plan, several versions of which were engraved, published and distributed. As a result, Ellicotts revisions subsequently became the basis for the capital citys development.</p><br>
<p>The work of André Le Nôtre, particularly his Gardens of Versailles, is said to have influenced L&#39;Enfant’s master plan for the capital.</p><br>
<h2>The Plan</h2><br>
<p>LEnfants "Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of the United States..." encompassed an area bounded by the Potomac River, the Eastern Branch, the base of the escarpment of the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line, and Rock Creek (named on Plan as Pine Creek). His plan specified locations for two buildings, the "Congress House" (the United States Capitol) and the "President&#39;s House" (known after its 1815–1817 rebuilding and repainting of its stone walls, as the "White House" or "Executive Mansion").</p><br>
<p>The "Congress House" would be built on "Jenkins Hill" (later to be known as "Capitol Hill"), which L&#39;Enfant described as a "pedestal awaiting a monument".</p><br>
<p>LEnfant envisioned the "Presidents House" to have public gardens and monumental architecture. Reflecting his grandiose visions, he specified that the "Presidents House" (occasionally referred to as the "Presidents Palace") would be five times the size of the building that was actually constructed, even then becoming the largest residence then constructed in America.</p><br>
<p>The plan specified that most streets would be laid out in a grid. To form the grid, some streets (later named for letters of the alphabet) would travel in an east–west direction, while others (named for numbers) would travel in a north-south direction. Diagonal broader avenues, later named after the states of the Union, crossed the north/south-east/west grid. The diagonal avenues intersected with the north–south and east–west streets at circles and rectangular plazas that would later honor notable Americans and provide open space.</p><br>
<p>A prominent geometric feature of LEnfants plan was a large right triangle whose hypotenuse was a wide avenue (now part of Pennsylvania Avenue, NW) connecting the "Presidents House"and the "Congress House". To complete the triangle, a line projecting due south from the center of the Presidents house intersected at a right angle a line projecting due west from the center of the Congress house. A 400 ft-wide garden-lined "grand avenue" containing a "public walk" would travel for about 1 mi along the east–west line.</p><br>
<p>LEnfant chose the west end of the "grand avenue" (at the triangles southwest corner) to be the location of a future equestrian statue of George Washington for which the Continental Congress had voted in 1783. A small stone obelisk, the Jefferson Pier, replaced the marker in 1804.)</p><br>
<p>The Plan also proposed the erection of an "historic Column" that would be located within an open space (now the site of Lincoln Park) at the intersection of several streets and avenues that would be one mile east of the Congress House. The column would contain the point from which "all distances of places through the Continent, are to be calculated".</p><br>
<p>LEnfants plan additionally laid out a system of canals (later designated as the Washington City Canal) that would pass the "Congress House" and the "Presidents House". One branch of the canal would empty into the Potomac River south of the "Presidents House" at the mouth of Tiber Creek, which would be channelized and straightened. The other branch of the canal would divide and empty into the Eastern Branch at two separate points near the Eastern Branch&#39;s confluence with the Potomac River. The scale and complexity of the canals in the 1791-92 plan and its revisions suggested the importance of the canals within the grand design of the city, with important structures located along its banks – the proposed National Pantheon, Judiciary Square, a market/exchange complex, a national bank and theater, as well as a grand church complex.</p><br>
<h2>Manuscripts and copies of the Plan</h2><br>
<p>In a paper published in 1899, John Stewart, who was in charge of records in the United States Army Engineers Office of Public Buildings and Grounds, wrote that President Washington had sent one of LEnfants handwritten plans to Congress on December 13, 1791. Stewart wrote that LEnfant had sent this plan to the President on August 19, 1791, and had also prepared a larger exact copy.</p><br>
<p>Stewart also wrote that President Washington had in December 1796 sent to the Commissioners a plan of the city that had contained penciled directions from Thomas Jefferson that identified those parts of the plan that the plans engravers should omit. Stewart stated that he had discovered that plan in the Commissioners office in 1873. He reported that the plan was still in that office in 1898.</p><br>
<p>During 1882, Stewart had been in charge of records that the Office of the United States Commissioner of Public Buildings was holding. In that year, he created a black and white copy of several portions of a manuscript plan of the federal capital city. The last line in an oval in the upper left corner of Stewarts reproduction contains the words "Peter Charles LEnfant", which are written in a script and alignment that are similar to those in the line that precedes it. Stewart certified that "this is a true copy of the original in this office".</p><br>
<p>Five years later, in 1887, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey prepared a colored tracing of a manuscript plan. The last line in the oval contained the words "By Peter Charles LEnfant", which were written in a block script. The script and its alignment differed from those in the ovals preceding line.</p><br>
<p>Printers published the tracing in at least three formats, which together enabled the Plan to be widely distributed for the first time. The printers added to each of the reproduced tracings a copy of a message that a survey assistant had sent to the surveys superintendent. The message stated that the Acting Secretary of the Treasury had directed that the tracing be produced for the purposes of preservation and reproduction. The message further stated that the Plans original manuscript was in a dilapidated state and had earlier been mounted on cotton cloth and varnished for preservation, rendering the manuscript "quite opaque".</p><br>
<p>The survey assistants message additionally contained a synopsis of letters requesting the tracing that a Special Assistant Attorney for the United States, the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, the United States Attorney General, the Acting Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Secretary of War had written. The Assistant Attorneys letter stated that pending litigation had necessitated the plan&#39;s reproduction to enable the United States Government to establish title of the Government to the Potomac Flats.</p><br>
<p>The Assistant Attorneys letter further stated that an office of the USA Armys Engineer Corps that was in charge of Public Buildings and Grounds was holding the original plan, which had become so indistinct that it could not be accurately photographed. Several of the letter writers asked the Survey to return the original manuscript plan to the War Department after the Survey had reproduced it.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, the chief of the Division of Maps at the Library of Congress compared the wording in one of reproduced tracings to the wording in an annex to a plan of the City of Washington which, according to a January 1792 publication, President Washington had recently sent to Congress and which contained the words "By Peter Charles L&#39;Enfant". The librarian concluded that the two maps were not the same.</p><br>
<p>A Library of Congress web page states that, on November 11, 1918, a map that L&#39;Enfant had prepared was presented to the Library of Congress for safekeeping. In a 1930 report to the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, William Partridge described the features and history of that map, as well as the changes that Andrew Ellicott had apparently made to the map.</p><br>
<p>Partridge noted that LEnfant had written that all of his drawings had been seized in December 1791, but that only one, a plan for the city of Washington, had been recovered. He further stated that although LEnfant had produced a number of versions of his plan, only one (an intermediate version) was still known to exist. Partridge concluded that the origin of that plan, which the Library of Congress was holding, was still in doubt. That plan, which the Library now holds in its Geography and Map Division, is still the only map of the capital city bearing LEnfants name that is widely known.</p><br>
<p>The Library&#39;s web page states that, in 1991, to commemorate the two hundredth anniversary of the manuscript map, the Library of Congress, in cooperation with the National Geographic Society, the National Park Service and the United States Geological Survey, published an exact-size, full-color facsimile and an uncolored computer-assisted reproduction</p><br>
<p>The Library states that these reproductions were the Library&#39;s first facsimiles to be based on photography and electronic enhancement technology. The Library further states that, during the reproduction process, it was possible to record faint editorial annotations that Thomas Jefferson had made and which are now virtually illegible on the original map.</p><br>
<p>The Library states (as did Partridge) that it is believed that its Plan is one that L&#39;Enfant submitted to President Washington in August 1791.</p><br>
<p>The Library has in its collections a "Dotted line map of Washington, D.C., 1791" that lacks an authors name. The Librarys notes state that this document is a "Ms. survey map drawn by P.C. LEnfant" and is "accompanied by positive and negative photocopies of LEnfants letter to George Washington, Aug. 19, 1791, the original in the LEnfant papers". (LEnfants papers include an August 19, 1791, letter to President Washington that contains an "annexed map of dotted lines".) The named plan would therefore be the one that LEnfant annexed to his June 22, 1791 letter to the President. Comparisons of Andrew Ellicotts February 1792 revision of LEnfants Plan with the two manuscript maps suggest that Ellicott had based his revision (which printers distributed soon after its preparation) on the August 1791 "dotted line map", rather than on June 1791 manuscript.</p><br>
<p>The LEnfant Plan is depicted in Edward Savages 1789–1796 painting, The Washington Family.</p><br>
<h2>L'Enfant Plan in Freedom Plaza</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation constructed Western Plaza along Pennsylvania Avenue in Northwest Washington, D.C. Designed by architect Robert Venturi and renamed in 1988 to Freedom Plaza, the plaza contains an inlay that partially depicts the LEnfant Plan. The last line in an oval inscribed in the Plaza contains the words "By Peter Charles LEnfant" in a block script.</p><br>
<h2>List of contributing parks</h2><br>
<p>Reservation 1 President&#39;s Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 2–6 National Mall; USA Capitol Grounds</p><br>
<p>Reservation 7 Judiciary Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 8 Mount Vernon Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 9 Franklin Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 10 Lafayette Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 11 McPherson Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 12 Farragut Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 13 Rawlins Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 14 Lincoln Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 15 Stanton Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 16 Folger Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 17 Garfield Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 18 Marion Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 25–27 Washington Circle</p><br>
<p>Reservation 32–33 Freedom Plaza</p><br>
<p>Reservation 35–36 Market Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 38–43 Seward Square</p><br>
<p>Reservation 44–49 Eastern Market Metro</p><br>
<p>Reservation 59–61 Dupont Circle</p><br>
<p>Reservation 62–64 Scott Circle</p><br>
<p>Reservation 65–67 Thomas Circle</p><br>
<p>Reservation 68–69 Gompers Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 152–154; 163–164 Logan Circle</p><br>
<p>Reservation 332 West Potomac Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 333 East Potomac Park</p><br>
<p>Reservation 334 Columbus Plaza</p><br>
<p>Reservation 617 Pershing Park</p><br>
<h2>List of contributing avenues</h2><br>
<p>Connecticut Avenue</p><br>
<p>Delaware Avenue</p><br>
<p>Indiana Avenue</p><br>
<p>Kentucky Avenue</p><br>
<p>Louisiana Avenue</p><br>
<p>Maryland Avenue</p><br>
<p>Massachusetts Avenue</p><br>
<p>New Hampshire Avenue</p><br>
<p>New Jersey Avenue</p><br>
<p>New York Avenue</p><br>
<p>North Carolina Avenue</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania Avenue</p><br>
<p>Georgia Avenue</p><br>
<p>Rhode Island Avenue</p><br>
<p>South Carolina Avenue</p><br>
<p>Tennessee Avenue</p><br>
<p>Vermont Avenue</p><br>
<p>Virginia Avenue</p><br>
<h2>List of contributing streets</h2><br>
<p>16th Street</p><br>
<p>Constitution Avenue</p><br>
<p>East Capitol Street</p><br>
<p>Independence Avenue</p><br>
<p>H Street</p><br>
<p>K Street</p><br>
<p>North Capitol Street</p><br>
<p>South Capitol Street</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Gompers Memorial is a bronze statue in Washington, D.C., listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is located at intersection of 10th Street, L Street, and Massachusetts Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>The statue is in memory of Samuel Gompers, an English-born American cigar maker, labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history.</p><br>
<h2>Inscriptions</h2><br>
<p>The inscription on the southeast side reads, "So long as we have held fast to voluntary principles and have been actuated and inspired by the spirit of service, we have sustained our forward progress and we have made our labor movement something to be respected and accorded a place in the councils of our republic. Where we have blundered into trying to force a policy or a decision even though wise and right, we have impeded if not interrupted the realization of our own aims."</p><br>
<p>On the southwest side it reads, "No lasting gain has ever come from compulsion. If we seek to force, we but tear apart that which united is invincible. There is no way whereby our labor movement may be assured sustained progress in determining its policies and its plans other than sincere democratic deliberation until a unanimous decision is reached. This may seem a cumbrous, slow method to the impatient, but the impatient are more concerned for immediate triumph than for the education of constructive development."</p><br>
<p>On the back side, it reads, "Say to the organized workers of America that as I have kept the faith I expect that they will keep the faith. They must carry on. Say to them that a union man carrying a card is not a good citizen unless he upholds the institutions of our country and a poor citizen of our country if he upholds the institutions of our country and forgets the obligations of his trade association."</p><br>
<p>The East Inlet Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, was established in 1913 to provide access from Grand Lake to a series of lakes 6 mi to the east of Grand Lake. The trail originates at the east stream inlet to Grand lake: confusingly, it is close to the west portal of the Alva B. Adams Tunnel which conveys water from the west side of the Continental Divide under the park to the east slope of the Rocky Mountains. The trail was developed further in the 1920s, but was still considered to be in poor condition. In the 1930s further improvements were made, and in 1934 workers from the Public Works Administration rebuilt the section between Lone Pine Lake and Lake Verna. In 1940 workers from the Civilian Conservation Corps improved three miles of trail beyond Adam Falls, building causeway sections through swampy areas. The trail was rebuilt again in 1970, and was improved between 2000 and 2003 with stone steps and handrails at Adam Falls.</p><br>
<p>The trail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Simon Peter Eggertsen Sr. House is a historic house in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Now it has been repaired, repainted, and appointed with appropriate furnishings of the times, this home very much depicts pioneer design and craftsmanship. The Simon Peter Eggertsen Sr. House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on March 7, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1876, The Simon P. Eggertsen Sr. House is a -story brick house. The home still contains the original living room, central hall and stairway, parlor, and dining room. Since the home was first built, a kitchen and a bathroom are also included on the main floor. Three bedrooms and a bathroom, as well as two bedrooms in the attic, make up the second floor. The unfinished cellar serves as a storage unit. The inside of the home is still in great condition. “Its walnut bannisters and spindles, oak-grained woodwork and marble-grained plaster in the halls are extant, as are the fireplaces, casings, base and doors. The original room configurations and tall ceilings are also intact.”</p><br>
<h2>Simon Peter Eggertsen Sr.</h2><br>
<p>Eggertsen was born in Vestr, Skevhuset, Odense County, Fyen (a Danish island), on February 7, 1826.</p><br>
<p>Simon served in the army of Denmark from the year 1848 to 1850, and during that time attained the rank of a sergeant. In 1853 Eggertsen joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and served as a Danish missionary until he migrated to America four years later.</p><br>
<p>Once in America, Eggertsen, along with a group of twenty four other people, traveled across 1300 miles through the Great Basin, and into Salt Lake City, arriving September 13, 1857. The following year Eggertsen married a woman named Johanne Thomson. Once Simon and his family had settled in Provo, he traded his vest and coat for the property for his future home. The Eggertsen family lived in a one-room log house for 17 years before building the Simon Peter Eggertsen Sr. House. Eggertsen took the money he had earned through his hard work as a farmer, and spent it to send his children to Brigham Young Academy (now university), and used the leftover funds to build his new home. Eggertsen, speaking of the cost of the home, said “It took 50,000 bricks to build it. The (bricks) costed me 310 dollars. The carpenter work 1,000 dollars. In the spring we moved in and felt very grateful for our blessings (Call p. 1).” The home was built by Eggertsen and some of his friends that were Danish.</p><br>
<p>After the construction of the home, Simon Peter Eggertsen served another two years in Denmark as a missionary, and supported a large family. His son - Simon Jr., owned the West Co-op and served as an educator within the county for over fifty years. The home remained in the family until 1945, after which the home belonged to Mr. And Mrs. Craig M. Call.</p><br>
<p>The Hines Mansion is a historic house located in Provo, Utah. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Hines Mansion was built in 1895 for R. Spencer Hines and his wife Kitty. At the time this mansion was built, it was recognized as one of the finest homes in Provo. The Hines Mansion was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on March 7, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>The House</h2><br>
<p>The R. Spencer and Kitty Hines Mansion is a Victorian style mansion built in 1895 of brick with brown and orange coloration. Two-and a half stories high, it is loosely square with four extended gabled wings. The main floor of the inside contains a kitchen, parlor, livingroom, and stairway. The second floor contains several rooms used as bedrooms originally. The decorative features visible from the outside of the home include stained glass, extended gabled wings, corbeled brick belt courses, and a corbeled dentil band which runs continuously around the entire building. The home is currently up to building-code standards.</p><br>
<h2>Russel and Kitty Hines</h2><br>
<p>R. Spencer Hines was a businessman who gained money from several avenues, namely real-estate, business, and mining. Among other businesses he owned a drug store-saloon. At this time in Utah’s history, liquor could technically only be sold for “medicinal purposes only” at drugstores. Hine was brought to court twice in a decade to contend about the amount of alcohol purchased from his store. His drug store, known as Hine’s Palace Drug Store was managed by Charles A. Hedquist, and located at 104 West Center.</p><br>
<p>Kitty Ann Leetham Hines was the daughter of Ann and John Leetham. John Leetham, her father, is listed in the city of Provo as a “Provo Indian War Veteran.” After her husband died in 1898, Kitty was left alone to care for the mansion, esteemed at twenty eight thousand dollars. Kitty proved able to care for herself, by participating in many employment ventures, such as the Hines-Kimber Grocery and Heat Company, the Provo Mining Company (for which she served as vice president), the Lost Josephene Gold Mining Company, the Lead-Bullion Mining and Milling Company, and the state bank of Provo. The Provo Mining company was sold for twenty thousand dollars to the USA Smelting and Refining Company in 1914.</p><br>
<p>Kitty left the home in 1906, relocating to California. In 1922 her home was purchased by Bert and Sarah Bowen. Their daughter Maude married a Benjamin Frank Roper, and the house passed to them for 34 years.</p><br>
<p>Silver Row is a historic site located in Provo, Utah. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Silver Row Apartments * 621-645 West 100 North * Provo, Utah</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1890, the Silver Row Apartments were very representative of the times in the state of Utah. Row houses, such as these, were prevalent in the larger cities of Utah and represent much of the lower-income residential architecture of the time period. Few of these examples remain today, making these apartments a valuable and significant asset to the state of Utah’s history. The Silver Row Apartments were designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on April 26, 1996.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>“Stylistically, the Row combines Greek Revival and Eastlake motifs into an overall symmetrical framework (Carter p. 1).” Silver Row Apartments consist of five single story brick apartment units set out in a line. The apartments share a gabled roof and common walls. The entire structure measures about 120 feet in length. The central door has a window on either side. The long windows are topped by relieving arches with decorative infill, similar to the decor over the doors. Decorative wood, arches, pendents, and other Victorian detailing distinguish this apartment’s historical significance from others.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>The original owner of Silver Row was David P. Felt. Felt was born in Salt Lake City in 1860. After marrying Nora Civish, Felt relocated to Provo, Utah. Silver Row was built by him about 1890, but after three years Felt sold the apartments to Samuel S. Jones and Henry J. Maiben. Maiben stayed in one of the units with his family until he died, and his family stayed until the early 1920s. Samuel Jones sold his in interest in the property in 1902. In 1920 Joseph Nelson, an architect, bought the apartments and sold them six years later to George P. Parker, a wealthy judge residing in Provo. Parker retained the property until 1958, when Silver Row was purchased by Thomas O. And Judity W. Parker. B. Park Brockbank attained the apartments in 1973, after which Robert L. Gunther did in 1976. The title passed to Bob and Pop Investments, Inc. In 1977, after which it passed to John A. Riding in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The George M. Brown House is a historic house located in Provo, Utah, United States. It was built as a home for a "polygamous wife" of lawyer George M. Brown. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>George M. Brown House * 284 East 100 North * Provo, Utah</h2><br>
<p>The George M. Brown House was built in the 1880s, on property obtained from Abraham O. Smoot. This is a two-story, central-hall, vernacular type house. “The Brown House exhibits the verticality and decorative jigsaw work usually found in the Gothic Revival, but displays the horizontal siding, simulated quoins, and symmetry of the local building tradition." The George M. Brown House was designated to the Provo Historic Landmarks Registry on March 21, 1996.</p><br>
<h3>Physical appearance</h3><br>
<p>Though built during the Victorian era, the George M. Brown House is a distinguished example of carpenter Gothic architecture. Containing thin wooden tracery, a monochromatic color scheme, and steep gables as well as other features, the Gothic style is very evident in this home. The Carpenter Gothic style emerged as builders became more concerned with costs, namely the cost of stone. “The Brown home attempts to combine the best of two generations with its asymmetrical Victorian east elevation and its symmetrical, dormered north elevation which contains nearly all the elements of typical pioneer homes of the mid-1870s (Roberts p. 2).” Decorative elements on the home include bargeboards, Quoins, a bay window, chimneys, window trim, door trim, dormers, a cornice, siding, and windows.</p><br>
<h3>George M. Brown</h3><br>
<p>Born on April 5, 1842, in Macedonia, Illinois, George Mortimer Brown settled in Utah with his family in 1842. A member of the Mormon faith, George served a mission to Norway in 1866, the same year he began his marriage to Elizabeth Olsen. After his mission, George became an attorney. In addition to Elizabeth, George married two more women - Amelia West and Pearl Wilson.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the initial construction of the home, Brown’s first wife attained the title to it, and Brown and his two other wives and children left and settled in Colonia Diaz, a Mormon settlement in Mexico. He ran a store there until he died on July 6, 1894.</p><br>
<h3>Present</h3><br>
<p>The home Brown left for his first wife remained in the family until 1958, when G. Rulon Morgan obtained the property. Don R. Milner became the owner in 1971, and now the home is in the possession of Arnel Milner. The home has now been converted into apartment space.</p><br>
<p>The Bryn Gwyn stones stand about 280 metres to the south-west of Castell Bryn Gwyn, on the low ridge some above the valley of the Afon Braint on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales.</p><br>
<p>They are the tallest standing stones in Wales, nearly. In 1723 Henry Rowlands described them as part of a ruinous circle of eight stones, some across. An account of 1797 says that "ignorant country people supposing money was hid under them tore them up" and today only two stones, one slab and one pillar, stand in a modern field bank. Nothing else is visible on the ground, but a 2008 excavation found three pits of standing stones, two containing stone stumps,BRYN GWYN STONES, BRYNSIENCYN, ANGLESEY EVALUATION EXCAVATION 2008 PRELIMINARY REPORT. Project No. G1629. Report No. 790</p><br>
<p>Prepared for Cadw March 2009. By George Smith. "". Accessed 31 Jan 2016. consistent with the record by Rowlands. Further excavations in 2010 identified the pits of three more removed standing stones, making seven identified in all of the eight expected to make up the original circle.</p><br>
<p>The pit of a further stone, inside the circle, shows it was a blade-style stone, with an alignment with the summer solstice sunrise and winter solstice sunset. A public footpath runs past the stones from Bryngwyn-mawr on the A4080 road, continuing north-east on a low ridge past Castell Bryn Gwyn and some 800 metres further to Caer Lêb. From the Bryn Gwyn Stones the midsummer sun rises over the centre of Castell Bryn Gwyn.</p><br>
<p>In the 18th century a cottage was built with the wide stone as its end wall. Notches round its top show where roof timbers had been fitted. With the removal of the cottage (which had occupied an area inside the stone circle) the stones were used as a gateway through the field hedge.</p><br>
<p>Further to the north-east at Tre&#39;r Dryw Bach, another large stone circle was reported by 18th century visitors but has since been cleared away.</p><br>
<p>Dinies Camp is a univallate Iron Age hill fort enclosure in the Mendip district of Somerset, England. The hill fort is situated approximately 1 mi south-west from the village of Downhead. The hill fort is considered to be medieval as it is on the site of earlier earthwork.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>East Myne is a univallate Iron Age hill fort enclosure in the West Somerset district of Somerset, England. The hill fort is situated approximately 1.1 mi west from the town of Minehead. The hill fort is considered to be a deserted post-medieval farmstead.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>The Timberline Cabin in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA was built in 1925 to house workers on the Fall River Road. The National Park Service rustic style cabin was designed by the National Park Services Landscape Engineering Division under the direction of Thomas Chalmers Vint. The cabin was later used as a patrol cabin and as a caretakers residence.</p><br>
<p>The one-story cabin stood above the timberline. It was built of concrete with a stone veneer. The roof framing used peeled logs with an asphalt roll roofing weather surface, protected by a log lattice on top. The cabin had two doors and ten windows, and measured about 32.33 ft by 16.33 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Timberline Cabin was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. It has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Murrumbidgee Red Gums Important Bird Area comprises a 2451 km discontinuous linear tract of land stretching along the Murrumbidgee River west, and downstream, from Wagga Wagga in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. It includes riverine red gum forest with adjacent woodland and farmland. It adjoins the Riverina Plains Important Bird Area.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The site has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because the riverine red gum forest constitutes one of three breeding areas of the vulnerable superb parrot. The boundaries of the IBA are broadly defined as known superb parrot breeding habitat with a 10 km buffer zone of foraging habitat. It supports from 2000 to 4000 individual birds. Other notable birds recorded in the IBA include black-backed and Australasian bitterns, Australian painted snipes, bush stone-curlews, diamond firetails, flame robins and painted honeyeaters.</p><br>
<p>The Holzwarth Historic District comprises a series of cabins built by the Holzwarth family as a guest ranch inholding within the boundaries Rocky Mountain National Park, at Grand Lake, Colorado. The Holzwarths made their homestead in the Kawuneeche Valley in 1917, two years after the establishment of the park, and received a patent on the homestead in 1923. Guest ranch use began in 1919 and continued until the ranch was purchased by The Nature Conservancy in 1974. The property was transferred to the National Park Service in 1975 for incorporation into the park. The district comprises a number of rustic cabins on the Colorado River. Operations existed on both sides of the river, first known as the Holzwarth Trout Ranch and later as the Never Summer Ranch. All but Joe Fleshut&#39;s cabin have been removed from the east side of the river.</p><br>
<p>John Holzwarth Sr. was a saloonkeeper in Denver. In 1916 Colorado enacted prohibition, leading Holzwarth to try homesteading at Grand River. The opening of the Fall River Road over the mountains to Estes Park in 1920 created an opportunity for Holzwarth to take in guests. The operation was taken over by John Holzwarth Jr., who ran it until 1973 when The Nature Conservancy bought the property.</p><br>
<p>Individual cabins include the original homestead, known as the Mama Cabin, the Rose Cabin, and other service buildings and guest cabins.</p><br>
<p>The Holzwarth Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 2, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Yale Steam Laundry is a historic residence located on 437–443 New York Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Mount Vernon Square neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Yale Steam Laundry complex includes three, Neo-Renaissance, and Colonial Revival facilities built in 1902, 1919, and 1924, to the designs of architect Alfred B. Mullett and Thomas Francis, Jr. The laundry closed in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The building was redeveloped as condominiums by Scott Fuller, designed by architect John Ronan, and completed in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The original buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1999. In addition, the buildings are designated as contributing properties to the Mount Vernon Square Historic District, listed on the NRHP in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Beatrice Willard Alpine Tundra Research Plots were established in 1959 along Trail Ridge Road in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, above the treeline in an alpine tundra habitat. The plots were used by Beatrice Willard of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research at the University of Colorado from 1959 to about 1999 in a long-term study of the alpine ecosystem. Willards dissertation and updates, as well as her book Land Above the Trees: A Guide to American Alpine Tundra were highly influential in studies of alpine and tundra ecology. Her recommendations were used by the National Park Service in its management of the high alpine areas of the park. Willards work continued after she moved on to other work, and for the last twenty years she made informal visits to the plots.</p><br>
<p>There are two plots. The Rock Cut Plot is at an elevation of 12,110 ft near the Rock Cut parking area. The research plot is 5 ft by 20 ft, within a 50 ft by 40 ft enclosure. A 3 ft fence keeps park visitors from disturbing the plot, and is marked by an explanatory sign. An old footpath runs through the plot, and was monitored to establish rates of regrowth on the tundra. The Forest Canyon Plot is at an elevation of 11,716 ft, measuring only 10 ft square, originally protected by a metal fence. It is close to the Forest Canyon Overlook.</p><br>
<p>The plots were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 25, 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Fern Lake Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, runs 4.8 mi from Moraine Park in the eastern part of the park westward to Fern Lake, the first portion of the trail following the course of the Big Thompson River. The trail was first informally established in the late 1880s as a way to get to "The Pool," a wide spot in the Big Thompson where a small lodge predated the 1915 establishment of the park. The trail was improved by the Estes Park Protective and Improvement Association between 1907 and 1912, with a new bridge at The Pool. Two years later the trail was rebuilt to maintain no more than a 10% grade and to provide better access to Fern and Marguerite Falls. In the 1920s Fern Lake became a popular winter destination for skiing, complete with a lodge. From 1933 the trail was rebuilt over three years with Civilian Conservation Corps labor, building retaining walls and adjusting the trail&#39;s alignment.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Inn at The Pool closed in 1951, and Fern Lake Lodge closed in 1960. Folksinger Judy Collins and her then-husband Peter Taylor ran the lodge in the summer of 1958, welcoming hikers a respite from the trail. It was demolished by the Park Service in 1968 as they eliminated concessions within the park. The trail is notable for its association with early tourism development in the park and for its Civilian Conservation Corps-executed construction. The Fern Lake Trail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Malye Korely  is a village in Primorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in the north of Russia. The main sight of the village is an open-air museum, featuring the traditional wooden architecture of Arkhangelsk area. The museum is located on the right bank of the Northern Dvina River close to the mouth of the Korelka River, about 25 km southeast from the city of Arkhangelsk.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The museum was created on July 17, 1964. Traditional wooden architecture has been recognized at the time one of the most characteristic features of Russian Norths, and some of the buildings, churches, chapels, and peasant houses, scattered all over the Arkhangelsk Oblast, were put under state protection. The goal of the creation of the museum was to save the most outstanding wooden monuments, placing them under protection on the premises of the museum. The first building, a windmill (1744) from the village of Bor of Kholmogorsky District, was moved to the museum in 1968. In 1972, the first exhibit item, an icon showing St. James, was transferred to the museum. In parallel with the building transfer, it was decided that the museum will be divided into a number of sectors, representing different historical areas. The first sector, representing Kargopol and the Onega, was completed in 1973, and on June 1, 1973 the museum was open for public.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the museum became a member of the European Open-Air Museum Association. In 1986, the museum, which was previously subordinate to the Arkhangelsk Fine Art Museum, became an independent museum unit. In 1995, it was designated as a cultural monument of federal significance. Lidia Bostryom was the director of the museum between 1975 and 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The museum includes the main exhibition area, located close to the village of Malye Korely, and three more monuments located elsewhere,</p><br>
<p>* The Mariya Kunitsyna Estate, a house of a rich fisherman (beginning of 20th century), in Arkhangelsk;</p><br>
<p>* The St. Nicholas Church (1581–1584) in the village of Lyavlya, Primorsky District;</p><br>
<p>* A triple church ensemble in the village of Nyonoksa, the city of Severodvinsk, consisting of the Trinity Church (1727), the St. Nicholas Church (1762), and the bell-tower (1834).</p><br>
<p>The main museum area is divided into four sectors,</p><br>
<p>* The Kargopol and the Onega sector, representing the southwestern part of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Onega River and villages around the town of Kargopol;</p><br>
<p>* The Dvina sector, representing the Northern Dvina River;</p><br>
<p>* The Mezen sector, representing the Mezen River;</p><br>
<p>* The Pinega sector, representing the Pinega River. This sector is currently incomplete.</p><br>
<p>The Ålfotbreen glacier is located in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The 17 km&sup2; glacier is located on the border of three municipalities in the Nordfjord region: Bremanger, Flora, and Gloppen. It is located west of the village of Hyen, south of the village of Ålfoten, and east of the village of Svelgen.</p><br>
<p>The glacier reaches an elevation of 1,385 m at its highest point. The area surrounding the glacier, closer to the Nordfjorden, is one of the wettest places in Norway, getting an average of 5,600 mm of rainfall each year. The heavy precipitation keeps the glacier very healthy with an average thickness of 8 to 10 m.</p><br>
<p>On 9 January 2009, the 226 km&sup2; area surrounding the glacier, the glacier itself, and the nearby Gjegnalundsbreen glacier, were preserved as a landscape protection area by the Norwegian government.</p><br>
<p>Mass balance measurements have been performed at the glacier since 1963 by the Norwegian water resource and energy directorate (NVE) https://www.nve.no/hydrology/glaciers/monitoring/alfotbreen</p><br>
<p>Strupbreen is a glacier located in the municipality of Lyngen in Troms county, Norway. The 8.7 km&sup2; glacier is located in the Lyngen Alps, about 12 km north of the village of Lyngseidet. Historically, the glacier has at times reached all the way down to the Lyngenfjorden. Today the end of the glacier lies about 2 km from the shoreline, with a small stream of water flowing from the glacier to the fjord.</p><br>
<p>The glacier, at about its Little Ice Age maximum extent shed ice blocks onto the shoreline below. This formed a cone of ice separated from the main glacier snout. This cone was used as an ice supply for fishing vessels</p><br>
<p>The glacier and its associated ice-dammed lake were investigated by the University of Leicester Arctic Norway Expedition, 1969. Publications arising from this include work on the size and retreat of Strubreen and on the drainage of Strupvatnet. The ice dammed lake, Strupvatnet, was first explored by the English climbers William Cecil Slingsby and Geoffrey Hastings and the Norwegian Elias Hogrenning in 1898.</p><br>
<p>The Morris Ranch Schoolhouse is a ranch school located on Morris Ranch Road 2093, 8.5 mi southwest of Fredericksburg in Gillespie County, in the USA state of Texas. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1981. Designed by Alfred Giles, who also designed the 1882 Fredericksburg Memorial Library, the schoolhouse was built in 1893. Winning thoroughbred trainer Max Hirsch began his career on Morris Ranch and attended classes in the schoolhouse.</p><br>
<h2>Schoolhouse</h2><br>
<p>The schoolhouse was originally part of the larger Morris Ranch, which was established in 1856 for horse breeding. After the ranch was converted into a thoroughbred horse breeding community, the schoolhouse was added to the property in 1893. The structure was built with a steeple and bell, doubling as a church. It was used by Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist and Presbyterian congregations. A small cemetery was established behind the building. As a youth while a trainer at the ranch, Hall of Fame thoroughbred trainer Max Hirsch attended both school and church at the schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, the school on its separate 9 acre was deeded to Gillespie County. The school belonged to Morris Ranch Consolidated Common School District no. 40. In 1962, Fredericksburg Independent School District absorbed the Morris Ranch school district. The schoolhouse is currently under private ownership and not in use by the public.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The 1893 schoolhouse was designed by San Antonio architect Alfred Giles in the Richardsonian Romanesque style of native limestone. By the time of this project, Giles had already designed or remodeled San Antonio&#39;s old courthouse, the 1882 Gillespie County courthouse (now the Fredericksburg Memorial Library), the 1884 Wilson County Courthouse, the 1886 Presidio County Courthouse, and the 1886 Kerr County courthouse. He had also, by this point in his career, designed a number of historic homes in San Antonio.</p><br>
<p>The one-story schoolhouse was designed in a Cruciform shape, an architectural style named for its resemblance to a cross. It rests on a foundation of ashlar limestone blocks, with smooth limestone block walls. Cornerstones at each corner project outward. The center section, which divides two east-west facing sections, has an entrance facing southward, with sharply inclined gables higher than the other two wing sections of the house. The south section has a covered entrance way on its east side, and an identical covered entrance way on its west side. The middle center section is topped by a bell tower and served as a church and community gathering hall. The fronts of both the south and the west of the middle section each has two stone chimneys. The identical east and west gabled wings were reserved for the school classrooms. Window designs on the ends of all the gables were repeated triple windows topped by a singular rectangle opening. Indoor plumbing was installed in 1949.</p><br>
<p>Mantua Creek is a tributary of the Delaware River in Mantua Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Mantua Creek&#39;s headwaters are near Glassboro, flowing northwest for 18.6 miles (29.9 kilometers) to the Delaware River at the Port of Paulsboro in Paulsboro across from present-day Philadelphia International Airport.</p><br>
<p>The name Mantua Creek is derived from the Native American word “Manta”, meaning frog, and was so named because of the remarkable chorus effect produced by abundant frogs in its watershed. Mantua Creek and its two major tributaries, Edwards Run and Chestnut Branch, drain over 50 square miles of Gloucester County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Early human settlement along Mantua Creek dates back to the Lenni-Lenape Native Americans who exploited its abundance of fish and game and utilized the creeks for transportation. Early European settlers also used the creek for transportation, and constructed saw mills and grist mills on the creek and its streams, encouraging flood plain development for agriculture.</p><br>
<p>Carpenter&#39;s Landing was a 17th-century mercantile settlement located at the head of sloop navigation on Mantua Creek.</p><br>
<p>In the 1860s, it was described as "a place of considerable trade in lumber, cordwood, etc., and contains one tavern, two stores, 30 dwellings and a Methodist church". The landing is said to have been named either for a man named Carpenter who built boats at the site during its mercantile boom days, or Edward Carpenter (son of Thomas Carpenter and descendant of Samuel Carpenter of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) who owned the Heston & Carpenter Glass Works at nearby Glassboro, New Jersey in 1786 in partnership with Col. Thomas Heston, his wife&#39;s nephew.</p><br>
<h2>Bridge problem</h2><br>
<p>The bridge at 39.8346&deg;N latitude, 75.23665&deg;W longitude has been cited for two freight train derailments, one in 2009 and one in 2012. On November 30, 2012 a serious accident released vinyl chloride from rail cars that plunged into the creek. Coast Guard officials reported that the tidal flows of the creek seriously delayed cleanup.</p><br>
<p>The Rattlesnake Springs Historic District is part of an isolated unit of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, surrounding a spring that creates an oasis in the Chihuahuan Desert. The area was homesteaded and farmed in 1880 by William Henry Harrison. Harrison, who claimed kinship with USA President William Henry Harrison, established the Harrison ditch system to irrigate the lands, which remains in existence, and which is responsible for the landscaped appearance of the area today. Harrison died in 1930, and the National Park Service acquired the property as a source of water for the national park, 6 mi to the north and west. The Park Service built a number of structures in the Territorial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The Park Service, with assistance from Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) laborers, removed most of the homestead structures and continued to landscape the area. A CCC camp was established at Rattlesnake Springs. During the latter part of World War II, the now-abandoned CCC camp was used as a recreation center for military personnel from a nearby airfield, but was demolished by the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Later Park Service structures were designed by Ken Saunders and Del Jones at the Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs in Santa Fe. Notable structures include the 1940 Ranger&#39;s Residence and the 1933 Pump House designed by William G. Carnes in the Pueblo Revival style. A fruit orchard established by Harrison and landscaping created by the Park Service also are considered contributing elements to the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Rattlesnake Springs district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 1988. The area is noted for the number of bird species it supports in the otherwise arid region.</p><br>
<p>Little Egg Inlet is an inlet connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Bay along the southeastern coast of New Jersey, United States. Little Egg Inlet forms a maritime border separating Little Egg Harbor Township in southern Ocean County and Galloway Township in northeastern Atlantic County. On March 3, 2017 the United States Coast Guard has temporarily closed the inlet due to serve shoaling and had removed six out of seven Navigation Buoys, they had reported that their ship couldn&#39;t reach the seventh buoy and had left it there. They have no plan date to put the Navigation Buoys back. The United States Coast Guard has reported to use the inlet "at your own risk"</p><br>
<p>On the morning of August 28, 2011, Tropical Storm Irene made its second U.S. landfall at Brigantine, though initial reports placed it at Little Egg Inlet. At the time it was believed to be the first hurricane to make landfall in New Jersey since 1903, but later analysis by the National Hurricane Center determined that the storm had weakened to tropical storm status by the time it made its second landfall.R</p><br>
<p>The Tower of Mendoza  is a tower located in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The tower of Mendoza is a fortified tower located in the town of Mendoza, near Vitoria-Gasteiz (Álava, País Vasco, Spain). It was built in the thirteenth century as a residence of the House of Mendoza and hosted the Museum of Heraldry of Álava, but it was necessary to close it to the visits for not responding the building to the accessibility regulations1. The museum had a collection of medieval shields and clothing and abundant information on Alava&#39;s heraldry.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Iñigo Lopez de Mendoza built the Tower of Mendoza in the early 13th century. He attended the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 and for having contributed to the breaking of the siege of the chains that guarded the store of Almohade Muhammad al-Nasir Miramamolin (1199-1213), added to his coat of arms a border With chains.</p><br>
<p>The Dukes of the Infantado maintained possession of the Tower of Mendoza until 1856 in which it was sold to the Victorian Bruno Martinez of Aragon and Fernandez de Gamboa.</p><br>
<p>On December 15, 2012, after fifty years of assignment to the Diputación Foral de Álava, it was returned to its owners.</p><br>
<p>The Sanctuary of Nuestra Señora de Estíbaliz  is a sanctuary located in Argandoña,from the town hall of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava. It is surrounded with green forests and it has the view of the entire province as it is located in a small hill 9 km away from the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz. Here stands the patroness of Álava. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site and the Lady of Estibaliz are first attested on a 962 Navarrese royal charter. The present-day sanctuary was built in the 11th century, and it is a true jewel of Romanesque art. In 1138 it was donated to the benedictine monks of Nájera, who preserved it until 1431 when they sold it to lord Fernán Pérez de Ayala, son of the famous King Enrique de Castilla’s chancellor, lord Pedro López de Ayala.</p><br>
<p>Later, the sanctuary was donated to Santiago’s hospital in the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz. In 1542, the donator&#39;s inheritor ordered its restoration. The new parts of the sanctuary, most of them restored, were built between the 12th and 13th centuries.</p><br>
<p>During the 20th century, many young pupils received instruction here with a special focus on religious vocation. Bearing witness to its gone heyday, a Basque-Navarrese Railway line had its terminus in the sanctuary, nowadays dismantled.</p><br>
<h2>Nowadays</h2><br>
<p>Even though it has been damaged over time and during the civil wars what it still exists shows its archaeological value. Some of its details are: the simple floor crowned with three apses, the columns decorated with curious embellished capitals, the font and the front stone of Christ’s altar.</p><br>
<h2>The sanctuary</h2><br>
<p>In its south part there is the Porta Speciossa which has a different stile and details. Home of two archivolts and targeted overall, decorated richly with motifs and interlacing that seems to arise from the jaws of a little lion from whom comes the exterior archivolt of the east. In top we can see a mullioned window belfry.</p><br>
<p>The headboard shows in its cylinder center two semi columns topped in two capitals that remain much under the current ledge, indicating with this its primitive height. Only the south apse has a small window decorated with an archivolt and under the central eaves are some decorated corbels and even a capital decorated with a double tail mermaid.</p><br>
<p>The cover decoration is pointillist and lush. We can see interlacing and geometric decorative motifs in columns. The capitals that crown the columns have also very curious details as some scrollwork or some little heads.</p><br>
<p>The angel and the Virgin are located on top of a little column in the front door. Both the characters seem to be walking transmitting the lightness of the moment.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of Santa María de Vitoria  is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic cathedral located in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque country, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the cathedral of Santa María in Gothic-style began in the late 13th century and continued throughout the 14th century. It was conceived as a church-fortress, with great volume and enclosed appearance, being part of the city&#39;s defences.</p><br>
<p>Between 1496 and 1861, the building operated as a collegiate church, and it was that year when it was declared a cathedral. It has a Latin-cross plan, with a wide transept crossing and circular apse containing several chapels.</p><br>
<p>The facade&#39;s portals are richly decorated with sculpture. The western portico is masterwork consisting of three portals: the central one consecrated to the Virgin, the left one dedicated to San Gil and the right one to the Final Judgement and Saint James.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays it is being restored within the project of the Santa Maria Cathedral Foundation, which manages guided tours and is in charge of restoration works.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of Fournier de Naipes  is a playing card museum located in Vitoria, Spain. It originated as a private collection in 1916 by Félix Alfaro Fournier, the grandson of the founder of Naipes Heraclio Fournier. It was bought by the government of Álava and was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1984. In 1994, it moved to its current location in the Bendaña palace which it shares with the Álava Museum of Archaeology.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The Fournier Museum of Playing Cards is located at the Bendaña Palace, whose courtyard is the beginning of this tour. This Renaissance building was built in the first half of the 16th century. In 1525, Juan López de Arrieta ordered its construction on a piece of land belonging to his family, on the place that once was the defensive medieval tower of the old House of Maestu. Although it was built in the middle of the Renaissance, the building shows some elements of the late Gothic period, such as the pointed-arch gate of the main façade at Cuchilleria Street or the starred octagonal vault on the inner stairs. The organisation and the Renaissance decorative shapes are found mainly in this courtyard, which is a typical example of residential palaces of that time, with three floors of open arched corridors.</p><br>
<h2>Collection</h2><br>
<p>The collection of the Fournier Museum of Playing Cards was started by Félix Alfaro Fournier in 1916, when he succeeded his grandfather Heraclio Fournier in the factory after his death.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the Alava Provincial Council purchased the collection, that at that time included approximately 3,400 decks of cards, which they exhibited at the Fine Arts Museum of Alava, located at the Augustin Palace. From that moment, the funds of the collection continued increasing and so did the necessity for a bigger space. So, in 1994, the collection was moved to the Bendaña Palace.</p><br>
<p>The originality of this museum lies with its interesting collection and on the few number of museums devoted to playing cards in the world.</p><br>
<p>The museum’s permanent exhibition is a small showing selected from among more than 20,000 decks of cards that are part of the funds, coming from different countries, from the five continents.</p><br>
<p>The Fournier Museum of Playing Cards offers the visitor not only a historic journey, but also a thematic journey showing the development of playing cards, from the 15th century to the present. Besides decks of cards, the centre also exhibits different machines and other objects used for manufacturing playing cards throughout history.</p><br>
<p>We will visit the Palace on a historic, technical and thematic journey through the development of playing cards, from the 15th century to our time.</p><br>
<h2>Museum hours</h2><br>
<p>Monday closed</p><br>
<p>From Tuesday to Friday 10am – 2pm and 4pm – 6:30pm</p><br>
<p>Saturday 10am – 2pm</p><br>
<p>Sundays and holidays 11am - 2pm</p><br>
<p>Holiday Monday 11am - 2pm and Tuesday closed</p><br>
<p>The Palace of Augustin  is a palace located in Vitoria-Gazteiz, Álava, Spain, in Fray Francisco promenade, 8.</p><br>
<p>The palace was built in 1912 by the architects Julián de Apraiz and Javier Luque, designers of the New Cathedral of Vitoria-Gazteiz. They followed the taste of the wealthy families of that time. It was Don Ricardo de Augustin, developer of many other buildings, who ordered its construction.</p><br>
<p>The Palace of Augustin is currently the Museum of Fine Arts of Álava (Museo de Bellas Artes de Álava). The museum is devoted to Spanish art from the 17th to the 20th centuries, as well as Basque art from 1850 to 1950.</p><br>
<p>It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origin</h3><br>
<p>In 1912 the Augustin-Zulueta matrimony (Elvira Zulueta and Ricardo de Augustin) begun the construction of their private dwelling in the Fray Francisco promenade. Elvira came from a wealthy family, and after his marriage with the lawyer from Madrid Ricardo de Augustin in 1905, they both decided to erect their personal palace in the noble zone of Vitoria-Gazteiz.</p><br>
<p>The marriage chose Javier Luque and Julián de Apraiz to lead the construction. Due to the fact that they had won the competition to restore the New Cathedral of Vitoria, they were the most remarkable architects in the city.</p><br>
<p>The hard job was ended in 1916, despite some details were not finished yet, and Elvira and Ricardo moved to the palace. Elvira died in 1917 and Ricardo left the city. As they had no offspring, the palace had to be given to the Catholic Church. However, in 1924, Ricardo de Augustin and the diocese made an arrangement so Ricardo could still be the owner of the Palace while the diocese received some money. As a token of its appreciation, the diocese made Ricardo Count od Deávila.</p><br>
<h3>Museum of Fine Art</h3><br>
<p>In 1941, the Regional Council of Álava bought the Palace of Augustin and prepared it to be the Museum of Fine Art. It was expected to be a place to keep the collections related to fine arts and archaeology, like the Library and the Provincial Archive. As a museum it gathered several stores from the Dioceses of Vitoria for religious art, from the Museo del Prado and the National Archaeologic Museum, from the School of Arts and Trades to keep some local paintings, and from some private citizens.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s the D. Vidal Foundation and Fernando de Amárica made an agreement to exhibit Amárica&#39;s works on the palace. Because of that, an attachment, designed by Jesús Guinea, was added to the original estructure in 1965.</p><br>
<p>In 1975 they began to bring a contemporary art collection together in the palace. The collection grew during the following decades and became one of the most coherent and completed collections in Spain.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays the palace is still used as Fine Art Museum. It is separated in three different zones: the original palace, the attached pavilion from the 1960s and the entrance pavilion.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The palace of Augustin is known to be a good example of the historicist architecture, in which are involved many kind of styles and influences. It has a square floor and it is surrounded by a large garden.</p><br>
<p>The palace is made up of a basement and three floors. There are two smaller sections attached one to the front facade and the other to the left facade. The front facade has a vestibule with arcs in the main floor, a module covered by glass in the first floor, and a coat of arms in the second floor. The protruding part in the left consists of a staircase, separated in three sections.</p><br>
<h3>Attachment</h3><br>
<p>The attachment was designed by Jesús Guinea.</p><br>
<p>This part of the museum does not interfere with the original structure, however it is connected to it by the stairs. It has two floors (main floor and first floor) and its facade is similar to the palace&#39;s. Its neutral style and the vegetation surrounding it makes the attachment almost unnoticeable.</p><br>
<h3>Restorations</h3><br>
<p>The palace has undergone several restorations, all of them respecting the original building, so there have not been any change in the nature of the edifice. In 2000, the entrance to the palace was made more accessible for handicapped people, as it was needed to climb ten steps to enter the building. Later, a new attachment was built. This pavilion is the present entrance to the museum and it consists of a glass and wooden cube.</p><br>
<p>Crystal River Tourist Camp  is a motor inn built in 1932 in Cave City, Arkansas. It is the oldest operating motor court in the state. It is built of fieldstones from the Ozarks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prince Matlock built the motel in 1932 by setting thousands of rocks from the area. He used geodes and quartz as decorative rocks and created many designs of crosses and animals to add to the rock walls. Underneath the motel is a large cave for which Cave City is named. The subterranean Crystal River runs through the cave&#39;s five chambers.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The motel was abandoned for several years before being purchased and restored. It is now reopened as the Cave Courts Motel.</p><br>
<p>Crystal River Tourist Camp, Sign.jpgTourist Camp sign</p><br>
<p>Crystal River Tourist Camp, Building Detail.jpgFieldstone building detail</p><br>
<p>Brooks Mansion is a Greek Revival plantation house, and Category II Landmark. It is located at 901 Newton Street, Northeast, Washington, D.C., in the Brookland neighborhood, next to the Brookland–CUA .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Col. Jehiel Brooks married Ann Margaret Queen. After returning from the Red River Indian Agency, they lived on their 246-acre Bellair plantation.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, the house and land were sold to an Ida U. Marshall, who sold to Benjamin F. Leighton and Richard E. Pairo. They subdivided Bellair, and developed the suburb of Brookland. The mansion house and 2 acres, were sold to Elizabeth Varney who operated a boarding house. In 1891, the Marist Brothers bought the Brooks mansion. They added a wing to the house. They sold to the Benedictine Sisters.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, the Benedictine Sisters of Elizabeth, New Jersey moved to the Brooks Mansion. In 1906, they founded St. Anthony’s Academy for young children, and operated a shelter for women.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, the Catholic University of America began educating the sisters at the mansion.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, women were admitted to Catholic University of America, and the mansion became St. Anthony’s High School.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority bought the mansion.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1975.</p><br>
<p>It was named as an endangered place by the D.C. Preservation League in 1999.</p><br>
<p>It was bought by the DC government in 1979, and is used by the Public Access Corporation for the District of Columbia (DCTV).</p><br>
<p>The Santuario de la Virgen de la Gracia is a Marian sanctuary located in Caudete, province of Albacete, community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain.</p><br>
<p>The region was conquered by James I of Aragon in the 13th century, but in 1737 it was placed within the border of the Kingdom of Murcia, subsequently it was integrated in 1833 in the province of Albacete. The church arose around a miraculous wooden image of the Virgin. The original was burned in 1936, and a new sculpture sculpted in 1941.</p><br>
<p>Legend holds that St Benedict himself, foreseeing the future destruction of his Monastery of Montecassino, consigned the statue of the Virgin to an oratory at this site, which was near an ancient monastery. During the centuries of Muslim rule, the icon was hidden, only to be discovered underground by a shepherd named Juan Lopez in 1414. A confraternity venerating the icon developed, and from 1741 to 1758, the present church with an eclectic style was erected. Some of the elements recall roccoco eccentricities, other Isabelline Gothic style. The church underwent restoration in the 20th century. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. James L. Lovvorn House, built about 1895, is on a corner lot, at 113 East College Street, Bowdon, Carroll County, Georgia, at the intersections of GA 100 and GA 166. The owner, Dr. James Lewis Lovvorn , was a graduate of Bowdon College; Medical College of Georgia, Augusta; and University of Georgia Medical Department, 1886. He was the son of Edward M. and Nancy C. Lovvorn, of Randolph Co, AL.</p><br>
<p>On December 30, 1888, he married Miss Carrie M. Johnson (1867–1959), the daughter of Thomas P. and Milly Ann King Johnson. Having bought their lot from John Shelnutt in 1888, Dr. Lovvorn and his wife planned the house with gas lights and a fireplace in every room. The architect was George F. Barber. Dr. Lovvorn&#39;s medical office was on the first floor. The Queen Anne style house has East Lake-style woodwork throughout and was privately owned and occupied in 2010. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, #88000595.</p><br>
<p>The Cozens Ranch House in Fraser, Colorado was built by William Cozens, sheriff of Central City after he married Mary York. Mary insisted that they leave the wild mining town, so the Cozens family relocated to Grand County, where they started a ranch in 1874. The homestead was the first in the Fraser Valley. The original ranch house was built of logs and expanded two years later as a stagecoach stop and post office. Six rooms were used as a hotel. At its height the ranch comprised 600 acre. Mary Cozens willed the property to the Jesuits, who renamed the property "Maryvale" and use it as a retreat from the 1920s to the 1980s. In 1990 the ranch was restored to its late 1800s condition by the Grand County Historical Association It is operated as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Cozens Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 1988.</p><br>
